CBNFM Africa

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A conceptual approach to the conservation and management of natural forests in sub-Saharan Africa (arid and semi-arid forests and woodlands) — by Associates in Rural Development (ARD) — last modified 2006-10-04 19:09

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Africa, community forestry, forest enterprises, livestock, conservation, management plan, policy, training, community based natural resource management, planning document. SUMMARY: This is a management guide for natural forest management (NFM) in sub-Saharan Africa. It is conceived as a compilation of state-of-the-art accounts of the ecological, technical, socio-economic, and administrative dimensions of NFM as a guide for action at the field level. It provides methods for resource assessments, economic decision-making, and forest management planning. It also offers guidelines for range management. The document emphasizes the importance of a multiple-use approach to the management of natural forests/woodlands and highlights the potential of community-based, popular participatory approaches for cost-effective forest management planning and implementation.

A conceptual approach to the conservation and management of natural forests in sub-Saharan Africa (arid and semi-arid forests and woodlands) — by Associates in Rural Development (ARD) — last modified 2007-06-11 16:42

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Africa, community forestry, forest enterprises, livestock, conservation, management plan, policy, training, community based natural resource management, planning document. SUMMARY: This is a management guide for natural forest management (NFM) in sub-Saharan Africa. It is conceived as a compilation of state-of-the-art accounts of the ecological, technical, socio-economic, and administrative dimensions of NFM as a guide for action at the field level. It provides methods for resource assessments, economic decision-making, and forest management planning. It also offers guidelines for range management. The document emphasizes the importance of a multiple-use approach to the management of natural forests/woodlands and highlights the potential of community-based, popular participatory approaches for cost-effective forest management planning and implementation.

Country environmental studies: An annotated bibliography of environmental and natural resource profiles and assessments — by International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) — last modified 2006-10-18 00:26

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography.

Country environmental studies: An annotated bibliography of environmental and natural resource profiles and assessments — by International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) — last modified 2007-06-12 19:38

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography.

Country environmental studies: An annotated bibliography of environmental and natural resource profiles and assessments — by International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) — last modified 2007-06-11 16:24

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography.

Directory of country environmental studies: An annotated bibliography of environmental and natural resource profiles and assessments — by World Resources Institute — last modified 2006-10-17 23:43

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography.

Directory of country environmental studies: An annotated bibliography of environmental and natural resource profiles and assessments — by World Resources Institute — last modified 2007-06-12 15:14

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography.

World directory of country environmental studies: An annotated bibliography of natural resource profiles, plans, and strategies, 3rd Edition — by World Resources Institute — last modified 2006-10-18 00:09

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography

World directory of country environmental studies: An annotated bibliography of natural resource profiles, plans, and strategies, 3rd Edition — by World Resources Institute — last modified 2007-06-12 18:49

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography

Contribution of forestry to economic development, with special reference to employment and income in developing countries: An annotated bibliography — by Authors Basu, R.and T. G. Johnson — last modified 2006-10-17 23:39

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography.

Contribution of forestry to economic development, with special reference to employment and income in developing countries: An annotated bibliography — by Basu, R. — last modified 2007-06-12 15:07

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Bibliography.

Twenty-month evaluation of A.I.D.'s Forest Resources Management II (FRM II) project — by Authors Parker, K.J., Dickinson, J., Harkin, D., and Myhr, R. — last modified 2006-10-17 23:01

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, EE. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Africa, Asia, Caribbean, Central America, Europe, South America, financing, industrial forestry, sustainable forestry, agroforestry, land use, institutional strengthening, monitoring, training, evaluation. SUMMARY: The Forest Resource Management II (FRM II) project was adopted by USAID in 1990 with the goal of promoting sustainable forest and natural resource use in developing countries. The project focused on sustainable development, especially with the use of trees in the public and private sector, and strengthening institutional capacities in tropical and subtropical developing countries. This 20-month evaluation of the project addressed the roles and accomplishments of the Forestry Support Program, the Peace Corps, and the Interamerican Management Consulting Corporation in FRM. Highlights and 160 recommendations are given in the report. The authors found the project to be largely successful, although the initiative for private enterprise had mixed results. They suggest that the projects should remain flexible to adjust to changes that are occurring in the support organizations such as USAID, while at the same time maintaining continuity in its work. The project could be expanded, with the assistance from the Peace Corps. New locations could be included such as Eastern Europe. The 160 detailed recommendations may be categorized into five areas of concern: Project redesign: assumptions, goals, project activities and relevancy should be evaluated and updated; Project financing: approved buy-ins were found to be inappropriate, and budgets should be modified to reflect proposed project expansions; Development of mechanisms to ensure partnership and trust; Expansion of private sector initiative: develop an action forum for forest production and protection; Increased monitoring of project impacts.

Twenty-month evaluation of A.I.D.'s Forest Resources Management II (FRM II) project — by Parker, K.J. — last modified 2007-06-11 18:12

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, EE. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Africa, Asia, Caribbean, Central America, Europe, South America, financing, industrial forestry, sustainable forestry, agroforestry, land use, institutional strengthening, monitoring, training, evaluation. SUMMARY: The Forest Resource Management II (FRM II) project was adopted by USAID in 1990 with the goal of promoting sustainable forest and natural resource use in developing countries. The project focused on sustainable development, especially with the use of trees in the public and private sector, and strengthening institutional capacities in tropical and subtropical developing countries. This 20-month evaluation of the project addressed the roles and accomplishments of the Forestry Support Program, the Peace Corps, and the Interamerican Management Consulting Corporation in FRM. Highlights and 160 recommendations are given in the report. The authors found the project to be largely successful, although the initiative for private enterprise had mixed results. They suggest that the projects should remain flexible to adjust to changes that are occurring in the support organizations such as USAID, while at the same time maintaining continuity in its work. The project could be expanded, with the assistance from the Peace Corps. New locations could be included such as Eastern Europe. The 160 detailed recommendations may be categorized into five areas of concern: Project redesign: assumptions, goals, project activities and relevancy should be evaluated and updated; Project financing: approved buy-ins were found to be inappropriate, and budgets should be modified to reflect proposed project expansions; Development of mechanisms to ensure partnership and trust; Expansion of private sector initiative: develop an action forum for forest production and protection; Increased monitoring of project impacts.

Whose woods these are: Community-based forest management in Africa — by Heermans, J. — last modified 2007-06-12 19:51

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Africa, Benin, Ethiopia, Niger, Zambia, community forestry, financing, forest enterprises, market development, land use, governance, institutional collaboration, institutional strengthening, property rights, case study, lessons learned. SUMMARY: This review of CBNFM initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa considers those initiatives that evolved from early USAID investments in environmental and natural resource programs. The authors argue that the potential for CBFM projects in Africa remains untapped, as compared to Asia and Latin America. The document provides a summary of CBFM approaches that have proved successful, an overview of their impacts, and the conditions required to foster and sustain such efforts. The authors suggest that in the absence of comprehensive land use planning in most African countries, areas for CBFM can be prioritized by their likelihood of success using such criteria as quality of resources, access of markets and community interest in community forestry. Drawing from first generation CBFM projects in Niger, Benin, Ethiopia and Zambia, the authors outlined a systematic process of strengthening local institutions, developing a forest management plan, and implementing CBFM projects. The authors recommend the following to guide future CBNFM efforts in Africa: Secure legal recognition of citizens' rights to exploit forest resources; Strengthen community-based organizations; Improve local governance and relations between government and local communities; Invest in the planning process to get quality forest management plans; Develop management capacity of forest-based enterprises; Understand the market and costs involved in reaching it; Reduce recurrent costs of management for financial sustainability; Include involvement of foresters and NGOs from pre-investment through post-project; Make long-term commitments of external assistance;All things equal, larger forests offer economies of scale; Work with women and other marginalized groups (herders, for example).

An assessment of the U.S. Agency for International Development forestry program: Needs and opportunities, final report. — by Authors Borlaug, N., S. Butterfield, H. Gregersen, N. Johnson, F. Wadsworth, and R. Youngs — last modified 2006-10-17 23:34

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South Amercia. Africa, Asia, Central America, South America, appropriate technology, fuelwood, sustainable agriculture, agroforestry, conservation, forestry department, research, community participation, evaluation, lessons learned. SUMMARY: This mid-1980's program assessment was conducted to determine if USAID's forestry activities, policies, strategies and linkages support the priorities and the strengthening of science and technology in US development assistance programs. Five conclusions concerning AID's global forestry programs were drawn: Sustainable economic and social development requires the integration of forestry with agriculture and village industry; The contribution of forestry to agriculture and rural development must incorporate research; Transferring technology, adapting it and implementing it are critical to the success of forestry technical assistance; Forestry support should be expanded and intensified, which will require strengthening of professional capability; The effectiveness of forestry program design and implementation can be increased with better coordination among donor agencies; Non-technical solutions to forestry problems should be explored and more sensitivity to social issues should be given. The authors recommend an increase in forestry assistance despite the large sums of money that have already been allocated to this sector. The authors note that the U.S. is especially qualified to provide forestry information due to experience in public forest administration, forest management, research and extension technologies, harvesting and processing of forest products. The urgency of following the team's recommendations is emphasized, as managed forests are slow to mature and therefore forestry programs must be initiated efficiently and rapidly.

An assessment of the U.S. Agency for International Development forestry program: Needs and opportunities, final report. — by Borlaug, N. — last modified 2007-06-12 14:55

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South Amercia. Africa, Asia, Central America, South America, appropriate technology, fuelwood, sustainable agriculture, agroforestry, conservation, forestry department, research, community participation, evaluation, lessons learned. SUMMARY: This mid-1980's program assessment was conducted to determine if USAID's forestry activities, policies, strategies and linkages support the priorities and the strengthening of science and technology in US development assistance programs. Five conclusions concerning AID's global forestry programs were drawn: Sustainable economic and social development requires the integration of forestry with agriculture and village industry; The contribution of forestry to agriculture and rural development must incorporate research; Transferring technology, adapting it and implementing it are critical to the success of forestry technical assistance; Forestry support should be expanded and intensified, which will require strengthening of professional capability; The effectiveness of forestry program design and implementation can be increased with better coordination among donor agencies; Non-technical solutions to forestry problems should be explored and more sensitivity to social issues should be given. The authors recommend an increase in forestry assistance despite the large sums of money that have already been allocated to this sector. The authors note that the U.S. is especially qualified to provide forestry information due to experience in public forest administration, forest management, research and extension technologies, harvesting and processing of forest products. The urgency of following the team's recommendations is emphasized, as managed forests are slow to mature and therefore forestry programs must be initiated efficiently and rapidly.

Gambian Forest Management Concept (GFMC), Draft 2nd Version — by Author Schindele, W. — last modified 2006-09-27 12:24

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Africa, Gambia, community forestry, forest enterprises, industrial forestry, logging, conservation, forest reserve, protected areas, co-management, decentralization, governance, institutions, community participation, poverty abatement, planning document. SUMMARY: Gambia has 66 forest reserves covering an area approximately 34,000 ha, about 7% of the total estimated 489,000 ha of total forest area. Since 1984, the Gambian Forest Department (FD) has been establishing a natural resource management model with technical assistance from the German government. This is a second version of the Gambian Forest Management Concept (GFMC). The GFMC developed and introduced in 1995 by the former Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, provided a framework for forest management in Gambia. The new Forest Act was enforced in 1998, and it included regulations on community and private forest management. The GFMC merges models of natural forest management in forest reserves and in community forests based on the experience of forest management since 1980. It is based on a nucleus concept where decentralized forest stations coordinate the management of all forest areas within the country. It therefore calls for active community participation in forest reserve management. The sharing of benefits from the forest with local people to alleviate poverty in the rural areas is a prerequisite of the GFMC. The main objective of the GFMC are to conserve and improve the forest resources of the Gambia in order to supply as much as possible of the country’s demand for forest products through sustainable management of it’s forest resources. The long-term vision of the GFMC is to have at least 30% of the land cover gazetted as permanent forest cover and managed according to the objectives defined by management plans. The legally gazetted permanent forests will be under four categories: forest parks, community forest, private forest and protected areas. Management plans are established with adjacent communities. Each village is allocated a sub division of the park. State management applies only for portions of forest park dedicated to research, development and testing of new management techniques. All other forest parks are managed in collaboration with the local people.

Gambian Forest Management Concept (GFMC), Draft 2nd Version — by Schindele, W. — last modified 2007-06-11 17:15

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Africa, Gambia, community forestry, forest enterprises, industrial forestry, logging, conservation, forest reserve, protected areas, co-management, decentralization, governance, institutions, community participation, poverty abatement, planning document. SUMMARY: Gambia has 66 forest reserves covering an area approximately 34,000 ha, about 7% of the total estimated 489,000 ha of total forest area. Since 1984, the Gambian Forest Department (FD) has been establishing a natural resource management model with technical assistance from the German government. This is a second version of the Gambian Forest Management Concept (GFMC). The GFMC developed and introduced in 1995 by the former Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, provided a framework for forest management in Gambia. The new Forest Act was enforced in 1998, and it included regulations on community and private forest management. The GFMC merges models of natural forest management in forest reserves and in community forests based on the experience of forest management since 1980. It is based on a nucleus concept where decentralized forest stations coordinate the management of all forest areas within the country. It therefore calls for active community participation in forest reserve management. The sharing of benefits from the forest with local people to alleviate poverty in the rural areas is a prerequisite of the GFMC. The main objective of the GFMC are to conserve and improve the forest resources of the Gambia in order to supply as much as possible of the country’s demand for forest products through sustainable management of it’s forest resources. The long-term vision of the GFMC is to have at least 30% of the land cover gazetted as permanent forest cover and managed according to the objectives defined by management plans. The legally gazetted permanent forests will be under four categories: forest parks, community forest, private forest and protected areas. Management plans are established with adjacent communities. Each village is allocated a sub division of the park. State management applies only for portions of forest park dedicated to research, development and testing of new management techniques. All other forest parks are managed in collaboration with the local people.

Surviving the cut: Natural forest management in the humid tropics — by Authors Johnson, N. and B. Cabarle — last modified 2006-10-16 20:26

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America, bans and boycotts, community forestry, logging, non-timber forest products, sustainable forestry, trade, certification, ecosystem services, forest concession, land tenure, policy, literature review, workshop. SUMMARY: This special report and analysis derives from the Colloquium on Sustainability in Natural Tropical Forest Management held in 1991 to discuss development assistance for natural forest management (NFM) in the tropics. The document analyzes past forest management programs and recommends actions enabling more productive, more sustainable, and more equitable NFM in the tropics.The document defines and briefly describes the state of natural tropical forests and notes important constraints to sustainable NFM. Bans and boycotts are analyzed and deemed less effective than timber certification. Three examples of NFM by governments or the private sector are examined in Colombia, Malaysia, and Cote d'Ivoire. CBNFM is discussed and examples are presented from Mexico and Peru.The authors suggest three key aspects to successful CBNFM are land and resource tenure, development of organizational cohesion and management skills, and blending of local knowledge with technical assistance to promote sustainable production.The authors recommend broadening NFM's mandate to address the urgency and complexity of tropical forest issues. A broad, effective NFM mandate would require: Establishing an ecological basis for NFM; Improving timber concession agreements and rent capture; Strengthening community-based management systems; Applying a 'use it or lose it' principle of conservation through NFM; Establishing policies for a permanent forest estate.

Surviving the cut: Natural forest management in the humid tropics — by Johnson, N. — last modified 2007-06-12 15:24

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America, bans and boycotts, community forestry, logging, non-timber forest products, sustainable forestry, trade, certification, ecosystem services, forest concession, land tenure, policy, literature review, workshop. SUMMARY: This special report and analysis derives from the Colloquium on Sustainability in Natural Tropical Forest Management held in 1991 to discuss development assistance for natural forest management (NFM) in the tropics. The document analyzes past forest management programs and recommends actions enabling more productive, more sustainable, and more equitable NFM in the tropics.The document defines and briefly describes the state of natural tropical forests and notes important constraints to sustainable NFM. Bans and boycotts are analyzed and deemed less effective than timber certification. Three examples of NFM by governments or the private sector are examined in Colombia, Malaysia, and Cote d'Ivoire. CBNFM is discussed and examples are presented from Mexico and Peru.The authors suggest three key aspects to successful CBNFM are land and resource tenure, development of organizational cohesion and management skills, and blending of local knowledge with technical assistance to promote sustainable production.The authors recommend broadening NFM's mandate to address the urgency and complexity of tropical forest issues. A broad, effective NFM mandate would require: Establishing an ecological basis for NFM; Improving timber concession agreements and rent capture; Strengthening community-based management systems; Applying a 'use it or lose it' principle of conservation through NFM; Establishing policies for a permanent forest estate.

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