2. Section 117/119 Reporting (Envr Impact and Endangered Species) under US Foreign Assistance Act

Albania: Biodiversity Assessment — by ARD — last modified 2007-06-29 13:25

E&E - 117/119 Report - Albania Executive Summary Purpose The purpose of this assessment is to assist USAID/Albania in taking biodiversity considerations into account while implementing projects and activities during the two-year extension of the current Country Strategic Plan (CSP, FY 2004-2006) and to inform development of the subsequent CSP. Specifically, FAA Section 119(d), Country Analysis Requirements, states: “Each country development strategy statement or other country plan prepared by the Agency for International Development shall include an analysis of: (1) the actions necessary in that country to conserve biological diversity, and (2) the extent to which the actions proposed for support by the Agency meet the needs thus identified.” Report submitted to the United States Agency for International Development Under the Biodiversity and Forestry Indefinite Quantity Contract Contract No. LAG-I-00-99-00013-00, Task Order No. 811 Submitted to: USAID/Albania Submitted by: ARD-BIOFOR IQC Consortium 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 Email: ard@ardinc.com. November 2003

Biodiversity Assessment for Armenia — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 13:19

Introduction This biodiversity assessment for the Republic of Armenia fulfills three interlinked objectives: · Summarizes the status of biodiversity and its conservation in Armenia; and analyzes threats, identifies opportunities, and makes recommendations for the improved conservation of biodiversity. This information will help USAID/Armenia and other organizations and individuals make decisions related to biodiversity conservation. · Meets the requirements stipulated under Section 119 (d) of the Foreign Assistance Act (see Annex A, FAA Sections 117 and 119), required when USAID missions are developing new strategic programs. The assessment also prepares the Mission to address issues arising under Sections 117 and 119 of the FAA by providing information on biodiversity and natural resources. · Analyzes the impact of current and future USAID activities in Armenia on biodiversity conservation, suggests actions that USAID could support that promote biodiversity conservation and that are consistent with current and future USAID programs, and identifies special opportunities for the Mission in the area of biodiversity conservation. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID C ONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID WASHINGTON E&E BUREAU, ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. FEBRUARY 2000 E&E - 117/119 Report - Armenia. Prepared in 2000.

Biodiversity Assessment for Azerbaijan — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 13:28

E&E - 117/119 Report - Azerbaijan Introduction This biodiversity assessment for the Republic of Azerbaijan fulfills three interlinked objectives: · Summarizes the status of biodiversity and its conservation in Azerbaijan; analyzes threats, identifies opportunities, and makes recommendations for the improved conservation of biodiversity. This information will help USAID/Azerbaijan, and other organizations and individuals, as appropriate, make decisions related to biodiversity conservation. · Meets the requirements stipulated under Section 119.d (2) of the Foreign Assistance Act (see Annex A, FAA Sections 117 and 119). The assessment also prepares the Mission to address issues arising under Sections 117 and 119 of the FAA, by providing information on biodiversity and natural resources in Azerbaijan. · Analyzes the impact of current and future USAID activities in Azerbaijan on biodiversity conservation, suggests actions that USAID could support that are consistent with current and future USAID programs, and identifies special opportunities for the Mission in the area of biodiversity conservation. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID C ONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID WASHINGTON E&E BUREAU, ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. FEBRUARY 2000

Biodiversity Assessment for Georgia — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 13:33

E&E - 117/119 Report - Georgia Introduction This biodiversity assessment for the Republic of Georgia has three interlinked objectives: · Summarizes the status of biodiversity and its conservation in Georgia; analyzes threats, identifies opportunities, and makes recommendations for the improved conservation of biodiversity. This information will help USAID/Georgia, and other organizations and individuals, as appropriate, make decisions related to biodiversity conservation. · Meets the requirements stipulated under Section 119.d (2) of the Foreign Assistance Act (see Annex A, FAA Sections 117 and 119), required when USAID missions are developing new strategic programs. The assessment also prepares the Mission to address issues arising under Sections 117 and 119 of the FAA, by providing information on biodiversity and natural resources in Georgia. · Analyzes the impact of current and future USAID activities in Georgia on biodiversity conservation, suggests actions that USAID could support that support biodiversity conservation in Georgia and are consistent with current and future USAID programs, and identifies special opportunities for the Mission in the area of biodiversity conservation. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID C ONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID WASHINGTON E&E BUREAU, ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. FEBRUARY 2000

BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT FOR CROATIA — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 13:43

E&E - 117/119 Report - Croatia Introduction This biodiversity assessment for Croatia has three interlinked objectives: · Summarizes the status of biodiversity and its conservation in Croatia; analyzes threats, identifies opportunities, and makes recommendations for the improved conservation of biodiversity. This information will help USAID Croatia make decisions related to biodiversity conservation. · Meets the requirements stipulated under Section 119.d (1) & (2) of the Foreign Assistance Act (see Annex A, FAA Sections 117 and 119), required when USAID missions are developing new strategic programs. The assessment also prepares the Mission to address issues arising under Sections 117 and 119 of the FAA by providing information on biodiversity and natural resources in Croatia. · Analyzes the impact of future USAID activities in Croatia on biodiversity conservation, suggests actions that USAID could support that would improve the status of biodiversity conservation in Croatia and are consistent with current USAID programs, and identifies special opportunities for the Mission in the area of biodiversity conservation. Task Order No. 807 under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry (BIOFOR) IQC USAID Contract No. LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 Submitted to: USAID/Croatia Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. Washington, D.C. December 31, 2000

Biodiversity Assessment for Belarus — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 13:47

E&E - 117/119 Report -Belarus Major findings of the assessment include: 1. Biodiversity throughout Belarus has declined substantially in the past 100 years. Wetlands, bogs in particular, have undergone the most dramatic decline in overall coverage, largely from being converted to agriculture. Remaining bogs are inadequately protected today. However, data and information are mostly inadequate to determine distribution and condition of biodiversity at both a species and an ecosystem level. 2. With the possible exception of forest ecosystems, the protected area system is inadequate in ecological coverage and in administration. Hundreds of natural monuments and reserves of lesser significance have no staff or management plans. 3. Old laws may be inconsistent with newer laws and impedes enforcement of regulations. They also create confusion regarding roles and responsibilities for protection of biodiversity and natural resources. Belarus is party to many international environment agreements but capacity is often inadequate for implementing laws and international conventions. 4. NGOs and the public are not able to effectively participate in protection of biodiversity and natural resources due to inadequate resources and access to decision-making process. However, a high literacy rate and a generally well-educated population make it possible to use outreach and extension programs to effectively change how people view and use natural resources. Task Order under the Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID Contract Number: LAG-00-99-00014-00 Submitted to: USAID/Kiev Kiev, Ukraine Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. Washington, D.C. and Environment International Ltd. Seattle, Washington August 2001

Biodiversity Assessment for Macedonia — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 13:50

E&E - 117/119 Report - Macedonia I. Introduction This biodiversity assessment for the Republic of Macedonia has three interlinked objectives: · To summarize the status of biodiversity and its conservation in Macedonia, to analyze threats, to identify opportunities, and to make recommendations for the improved conservation of biodiversity. · To meet the requirements stipulated under Section 119.d (2) of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA), which USAID missions must meet in developing new strategic programs. To prepare the mission to address issues arising under Sections 117 and 119 of the FAA by providing information on biodiversity and natural resources in Macedonia. (See Annex A, “Sections 117 and 119 of Foreign Assistance Act.”) · To analyze the impacts of current and future USAID activities in Macedonia on biodiversity conservation, to suggest actions that USAID could support to further biodiversity conservation in Macedonia consistent with current and future USAID programs, and to identify special opportunities for the mission in biodiversity conservation. Task Order under the Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID CONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-00-99-00014-00 Submitted to: USAID MACEDONIA SKOPJE, MACEDONIA Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. Washington, D.C. May 2001

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT — by Dave C. Gibson — last modified 2007-06-29 13:55

E&E - 117/119 Report - Bosnia and Herzegovina Status of Biodiversity Because BiH anchors much of the biological diversity of the entire Balkan peninsula, it has a pivotal role in the environmental health of the region. It appears that BiH is one of the five European countries most rich in species, but about 19 percent of the plant species in BiH are thought to be under significant threat from land conversion, unsustainable forest management, and exposure to pollutants. Thus, while BiH is an important center of biodiversity for the region, it has the highest proportion of threatened species of any country in Europe. Yet less than 1 percent of the land in BiH has been set aside in protected areas, and these are neither adequately organized nor financially solvent. The protected area situation is one symptom of the legislative and jurisdictional confusion that prevails. The situation is improving somewhat: Promising new framework laws for the environment have been enacted, though they still lack implementing details. Ability to enforce environmental laws and encourage more rational decision making about land use remains constrained by the limited capacity of government at several levels. Civil society organizations in BiH are only now beginning to coalesce around conservation issues. BIOFOR IQC No. LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 Task Order No. 820 Submitted to: USAID/Bosnia and Herzegovina Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. December 2003

Kosovo Biodiversity Assessment — by ARD — last modified 2007-06-29 14:00

E&E - 117/119 Report - Kosovo The Assessment was conducted over a three-week period, by an ARD Team comprised of two expatriates and one local specialist, with expertise in biodiversity conservation, natural resources management and governance, and environmental protection and compliance. The Team reviewed existing literature relevant to biodiversity conservation and environmental management in Kosovo. The Team Leader met with representatives from USAID’s E&E Bureau and various regional biodiversity and environmental specialists from the World Bank. In Kosovo, the Team interviewed a diverse range of representatives from government agencies, donors, and civil society (see Annex F for the complete list of persons consulted), and took field trips to Sharr/Sara Mountain National Park and the proposed Bjeshket e Nemuna/Prokletije National Park. An additional trip was made to Prizren to attend a meeting of local environmental NGOs. Final Report submitted to the United States Agency for International Development Under the Biodiversity and Forestry Indefinite Quantity Contract Contract No. LAG-I-00-99-00013-00, Task Order No. 811 Submitted to: USAID/Kosovo Submitted by: ARD-BIOFOR IQC Consortium 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401

Biodiversity Assessment for Kazakhstan — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 14:06

E&E - 117/119 Report - Kazakhstan A two-person team consisting of Raymond Carl Daviesson and Dr. Galina Fet visited Kazakhstan from April 10 through May 2, 2000. During this period, they visited Almaty, Astana, Pavlodar, and Kokchetau. Mr. Daviesson and Dr. Fet were assisted by local biodiversity specialists Iskandar Mirkhashimov and Igor Glukhovtsev. During the team’s second stay in Kazakhstan (June 25 through July 6, 2000), Dr. Fet attended the second meeting of the Biodiversity Thematic Group of the Caspian Environmental Program in Almaty. Mr. Daviesson, joined by Spike Millington, traveled to Aktau and Aterau to assess the ecological conditions of the north Caspian, with particular attention to the recent die-off in the Caspian seal population. (Their findings and recommendations regarding the seals have been documented and presented to the Mission under separate cover.) The approach used in this assessment was to collect and analyze information on biodiversity and related areas through documentation searches and interviews with key individuals and organizations concerned with biodiversity, both throughout Kazakhstan and in Washington, D.C. (see Annex C, List of Persons Contacted). An extensive series of field trips was undertaken. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID CONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS MISSION, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 2001

Biodiversity Assessment for Kyrgyzstan — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 14:43

E&E - 117/119 Report - Kyrgyzstan The approach used in the assessment was to collect and analyze information on biodiversity and related areas through documentation searches, interviews with key individuals and organizations in Kyrgyzstan and Washington D.C. concerned with biodiversity (see Annex C, List of Persons Contacted), and field trips. Rather than duplicating research already undertaken and presented in strategy and project documents, this assessment has borrowed freely from these documents and synthesized and adapted information where appropriate. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID CONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS MISSION, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 2001

Biodiversity Assessment for Moldova — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 14:47

E&E - 117/119 Report - Moldova Major findings of the assessment include: 1. Biodiversity of Moldova has been severely reduced over the past 100 years. Steppe and steppe-associated wetland ecosystems have been particularly hard hit. Forest cover in Moldova is the lowest for any country in Europe. 2. The protected areas system is inadequate in ecological coverage. Additional protection is most urgently needed for steppe and wetland ecosystems. 3. Laws and regulations or their implementation and enforcement are inadequate to protect biodiversity. The NGO community in Moldova is impressive, but remains too weak to effectively participate and lead in a broad range of biodiversity issues. Task Order under the Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID Contract Number: LAG-00-99-00014-00 Submitted to: USAID/Kiev Kiev, Ukraine Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. Washington, D.C. and Environment International Ltd. Seattle, Washington August 2001

Biodiversity Assessment for Tajikistan — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 14:51

E&E - 117/119 Report - Tajikistan Introduction The biodiversity assessment for the Republic of Tajikistan was funded by USAID’s Regional Mission to the Central Asian Republics in Almaty under a contract to Chemonics International through the Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry (BIOFOR) IQC (see Annex B, Scope of Work). Because of security concerns, the biodiversity team was not permitted to travel to Tajikistan, and the current report is based on a desk study carried out by Firuza Faizitdinovna Abdurahimova, with input from the Biodiversity team of Raymond Daviesson and Galina Fet. The approach used in the assessment was to collect and analyze information on biodiversity and related areas through documentation searches, interviews with key individuals and organizations concerned with biodiversity in Tajikistan, and field trips. Rather than duplicating research already undertaken and presented in strategy and project documents, this assessment has borrowed freely from these documents, and synthesized and adapted information where appropriate. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID CONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS MISSION, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 2001

Biodiversity Assessment for Turkmenistan — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 14:56

E&E - 117/119 Report - Turkmenistan Introduction The biodiversity assessment for the Republic of Turkmenistan was funded by USAID’s Regional Mission to the Central Asian Republics in Almaty under a contract to Chemonics International through the Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry (BIOFOR) IQC (see Annex B, Scope of Work). A two-person team consisting of Raymond Carl Daviesson and Dr. Galina Fet visited Turkmenistan from June 7 to June 22, 2000. Mr. Daviesson and Dr. Fet collaborated with local biodiversity specialist Dr. Habibullah I. Atamuradov in researching and assessing biodiversity in Turkmenistan. The approach used in the assessment was to collect and analyze information on biodiversity and related areas through documentation searches, interviews with key individuals and organizations concerned with biodiversity, both in Turkmenistan and in Washington D.C. (see Annex C, List of Persons Contacted), and field trips. Rather than duplicating research already undertaken and presented in strategy and project documents, this assessment has borrowed freely from these documents and synthesized and adapted information where appropriate. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID CONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS MISSION, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 2001

Biodiversity Assessment for Ukraine — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 15:00

E&E - 117/119 Report - Ukraine The scope of work required the team to synthesize and analyze existing information and prepare a report that: (i) describes major ecosystems and species diversity of Ukraine; (ii) identifies key landscape features for the conservation of biodiversity; (iii) describes current and potential threats to biodiversity conservation; (iv) analyzes policies, land use practices, and obstacles to biodiversity conservation; (v) assesses national conservation policies, strategies, commitments to international conventions, and management capacities; (vi) assesses the USAID program’s potential impact on biodiversity; and (vii) identifies potential USAID opportunities to support biodiversity conservation. Task Order under the Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID Contract Number: LAG-00-99-00014-00 Submitted to: USAID/Kiev Kiev, Ukraine Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. Washington, D.C. and Environment International Ltd. Seattle, Washington August 2001

Biodiversity Assessment for Uzbekistan — by Chemonics International, Inc. — last modified 2007-06-29 15:03

E&E - 117/119 Report - Uzbekistan The approach used in the assessment was to collect and analyze information on biodiversity and related areas through documentation searches, interviews with key individuals and organizations concerned with biodiversity, both in Uzbekistan and Washington DC (see Annex C, List of Persons Contacted), and field trips. Rather than duplicating research already undertaken and presented in strategy and project documents, this assessment has borrowed freely from these documents, and synthesized and adapted information where appropriate. Task Order under the Biodiversity & Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID CONTRACT NUMBER: LAG-I-00-99-00014-00 SUBMITTED TO: USAID CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS MISSION, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN SUBMITTED BY: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 2001

BIODIVERSITY ASSESSEMENT UPDATE FOR SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO — by Grimes, A.P. — last modified 2007-06-29 15:09

E&E - 117/119 Report Serbia Montenegro FAA SECTION 119 The team interviewed various individuals and organizations (see appendix III), gathered relevant information, performed the required analysis, and prepared the Biodiversity Assessment Update in compliance with the FAA Section 119 requirements addressing: (1) The actions necessary in Azerbaijan to conserve biological diversity [FAA Section 119 (d) (1)], and (2) The extent to which the actions proposed for support by USAID meet the needs thus identified [FAA Section 119 (d) (2)]. The final draft report was submitted electronically by A. Grimes to Mark Pickett, USAID/Serbia- Montenegro MEO on June 30, 2005. Initial comments on the Montenegro portion were received from Vladan Raznatovic on August 9, 2005 with final comments on September 7, 2005. Final comments on the Serbian portion were received from Mark Pickett, on August 26. Submitted to: Michelle Stern, Program Office Copies to: Mark Pickett, Vladan Raznatovic, USAID/Serbia-Montenegro September 8, 2005