The purpose of this toolkit is to provide a practical introduction to the relationship between land and violent conflict. The relationship is stark, whether we are talking about how land issues function as causal or aggravating factors in conflict, or whether we are thinking about land-related issues that arise in post-conflict settings. The toolkit is also designed to familiarize practitioners with a range of relevant programmatic interventions and to sensitize officers to the fact that development activities, including non-land related interventions, such as infrastructure projects and the exploitation of underground resources, can inadvertently cause land conflicts to erupt. As with many issues addressed in this series, land issues are a general development concern from the perspective of economic growth, governance, and the environment. However, land is also a critical 'prize' in many local and national power struggles, and any development initiative needs to be aware of this fact. The lead authors have therefore attempted to inspire creative thinking and encourage short-term action around land related conflicts, as well as capture the relevance of land to long-term development issues. The toolkit emphasizes the critical point that land issues must be approached systematically and that, in many contexts, sequencing and process are critical not only to the sustainability of programs but also to broader issues of stability. In that regard, this document also addresses 'doing no harm' and land-related programming.