In amendments to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Sections 118 and 119, enacted in 1987, Congress imposed mandatory “Country Analysis Requirements” related to the conservation and sustainable use of tropical forests and biological diversity on the U.S. Agency for International Development. This review of USAID’s recent experience in conducting and using Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity analyses was designed to identify the lessons learned from that experience, and to develop updated recommendations and practical, “how to” advice for Missions or Regional Bureaus based on the best practices that could be found. Produced in September, 2005. Under contract to ARD. Lead author: Bruce Byers (Feb 2006 revised copy posted)