In Focus
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Many Dimensions of LTPR
Land Tenure and Property Rights (LTPR) and....
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ECONOMIC GROWTH There is a clear link between secure land and property rights and economic growth. Secure property rights are correlated with increased incentives for individuals and households to invest labor and other resources in land. Secure property rights also provide an incentive for land and real estate to enter formal markets. |
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GOVERNANCE The control of land resources has been a traditional source of political and economic power. Local governance models, decentralization efforts, and local development activities are predicated on the sense of empowerment that is derived from and fortified by democratic reform, participation, and greater local accountability. Secure land tenure and property rights contribute to the formation of more effective and legitimate local government. They are also linked with local revenue generation from taxation and to fiscal decentralization. |
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NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) Sustainable NRM is best achieved when land and natural resource tenure and property rights are recognized within the cultural, social, and ecological contexts and incorporated within the law. In addition, property rights over land and associated natural resources prove successful when enforcement of the rights is cost effective and perceived to be in the best interest of the individual and the community. |
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In many places women have fewer rights to land than do men within a household. Women’s rights are also often subordinate to those of men. Moreover, many barriers prevent women from translating formal land rights into economic benefits. Gender-specific social norms may restrict women’s economic activities and decision-making roles. Women may face discrimination in the markets for land, labor, and capital. Legally and socially recognized property rights (including ownership) can ensure women’s access to control over land-based earnings. |
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NATURAL DISASTERS One of the more dramatic and powerful natural disasters in history, the 2004 tsunami, has recently brought issues of property rights and land to the fore. How do hundreds of thousands of survivors of a natural disaster reestablish rights to land and property in the absence of any formal system? In the face of huge needs in a post-disaster response, proving ownership, determining individual versus household land rights, access to land, land distribution, and redistribution become major issues. Since the majority of the world’s poor live in areas that are the most susceptible to disasters, they are the same people who often reside in areas with no formal land tenure, registration, or cadastre. |
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URBAN / PERI-URBAN MANAGEMENT Urban land tenure and property rights remain a key issue internationally. Millions of urban dwellers in developing countries live without adequate security of tenure or property rights. In urban and peri-urban areas, the costs of access to legal land and housing are high and are rising faster than incomes. In some cases, informal settlements outnumber legally planned developments and are increasing rapidly. |
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HIV/AIDS Available documentation suggests that HIV/AIDS is jeopardizing property rights, increasing land dispossession, and negatively impacting livelihoods — in particular, those of rural families. Evidence also suggests that HIV/AIDS most severely affects the poorest and most marginal members of society who are most vulnerable to losing, forfeiting, or alienating their land rights as a result of sickness or death within their households. There is evidence too that the pandemic may be encouraging shifts to new forms of tenure, such as rental or increased land sales, or new patterns of cropping and land use. |
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LTPR Framework: An Analytical and Development Planning Tool
