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Surviving the cut: Natural forest management in the humid tropics
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/community-based-natural-forest-management-USAID-Lessons-Learned/cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/pnabn810-surviving.pdf/view
This special report and analysis derives from the Colloquium on Sustainability in Natural Tropical Forest Management held in 1991 to discuss development assistance for natural forest management (NFM) in the tropics. The document analyzes past forest management programs and recommends actions enabling more productive, more sustainable, and more equitable NFM in the tropics.The document defines and briefly describes the state of natural tropical forests and notes important constraints to sustainable NFM. Bans and boycotts are analyzed and deemed less effective than timber certification. Three examples of NFM by governments or the private sector are examined in Colombia, Malaysia, and Cote d'Ivoire. CBNFM is discussed and examples are presented from Mexico and Peru.The authors suggest three key aspects to successful CBNFM are land and resource tenure, development of organizational cohesion and management skills, and blending of local knowledge with technical assistance to promote sustainable production.The authors recommend broadening NFM's mandate to address the urgency and complexity of tropical forest issues. A broad, effective NFM mandate would require: Establishing an ecological basis for NFM; Improving timber concession agreements and rent capture; Strengthening community-based management systems; Applying a 'use it or lose it' principle of conservation through NFM; Establishing policies for a permanent forest estate.No publisherForest ConcessionSustainable ForestryEcosystem ServicesBiodiversityLoggingCertificationCentral AmericaAfricaSouth AmericaLiterature ReviewLand TenureBans and BoycottsCommunity-based Forest Management (CBFM)Community ForestryAsiaNon-Timber Forest ProductsPolicyWorldTradeWorkshop2008/12/24 15:08:19 GMT+0FileDemocratic decentralization of natural resources: Institutionalizing popular participation
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/community-based-natural-forest-management-USAID-Lessons-Learned/cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/wri-ribot.pdf/view
SUMMARY: This report presents preliminary findings and recommendations from research on natural resources in decentralization efforts around the world. The findings derive from WRI research projects in Africa and case-studies presented at a WRI conference on decentralization and the environment. All cases explore the degree to which natural resource decentralization has taken place and examines social and environmental outcomes of this process. Most cases focus on forestry, while a few deal with wildlife and water management issues. The author presents preliminary interpretations of the research and highlights key issues relevant to natural resources management in democratic decentralization processes. The main recommendations are summarized as follows: Work with local democratic institutions as a first priority;Transfer sufficient and appropriate powers;Transfer powers as secure rights;Support equity and justice;Establish minimum environmental standards;Establish fair and accessible adjudication;Support local civic education;Give decentralization time;Develop indicators for monitoring and evaluating decentralization and its outcomes.No publisherKEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Community-based Natural Forest Management, South America. Accountability, decentralization, institutions, laws, communication, community participation, conflict, social learning, lessons learned, literature review.
DecentralizationBiodiversityLearning GroupSustainable Land ManagementCommunicationLiterature ReviewAfricaCommunity-based Forest Management (CBFM)AsiaAccountabilityLessons LearnedSocial LearningCommunity ParticipationCentral AmericaSouth AmericaWorldCommunity-Based Natural Resource ManagementCBNRMInstitutionsConflictLaws2008/12/24 04:51:49 GMT+0FileDemocratic decentralization of natural resources: Institutionalizing popular participation
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/biodiversity-support-program/copy_of_cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/wri-ribot.pdf/view
SUMMARY: This report presents preliminary findings and recommendations from research on natural resources in decentralization efforts around the world. The findings derive from WRI research projects in Africa and case-studies presented at a WRI conference on decentralization and the environment. All cases explore the degree to which natural resource decentralization has taken place and examines social and environmental outcomes of this process. Most cases focus on forestry, while a few deal with wildlife and water management issues. The author presents preliminary interpretations of the research and highlights key issues relevant to natural resources management in democratic decentralization processes. The main recommendations are summarized as follows: Work with local democratic institutions as a first priority;Transfer sufficient and appropriate powers;Transfer powers as secure rights;Support equity and justice;Establish minimum environmental standards;Establish fair and accessible adjudication;Support local civic education;Give decentralization time;Develop indicators for monitoring and evaluating decentralization and its outcomes.No publisherDecentralizationBiodiversityLearning GroupCommunity-Based Natural Resource ManagementCommunicationLiterature ReviewAfricaCommunity-based Forest Management (CBFM)AsiaAccountabilityLessons LearnedSocial LearningCommunity ParticipationCentral AmericaWorldSouth AmericaCBNRMInstitutionsConflictLaws2008/12/24 03:49:43 GMT+0FileAn analysis of 10 African natural resources management practices
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/biodiversity-support-program/copy_of_cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/10-african-nrm-practices.pdf/view
SUMMARY: This literature review draws from project and scientific literature concerning USAID natural resource management (NRM) programs in Africa. The author provides an evaluation of levels of adoption for 10 NRM technologies and progress in increasing productivity and/or income of farmers through the adoption of introduced NRM technologies. NRM technologies included physical and biological contour barriers, home gardens, natural forest management, game ranching, community based wildlife management, ecotourism, windbreaks and improved fallow. CBNFM projects examined were the Forest and Land Use Planning (FLUP) project in the Gueeeselbodi National Forest of Niger, and the Nazinon forest program in Burkina Faso. Conclusions of the project review suggest the following key issues for NRM projects Time frame in which anticipated benefits will occur; Motivations for adoption of a practice or technology; Sustainability of introduced practices beyond project subsidy; Monitoring projects.No publisherAppropriate TechnologyCommunity-based Forest Management (CBFM)RwandaCBNRMNigeriaBurkina FasoBeninGhanaSustainable Land ManagementNews: USAID NRMD Training AnnouncementsWildlifeBiodiversityExtensionTanzaniaMaliEco-TourismLearning GroupAfricaAgroforestryLiterature ReviewCommunity-Based Natural Resource ManagementSenegalCommunity ForestryUgandaKenyaNigerEducationSomalia2008/12/24 03:33:10 GMT+0FileBalancing acts: Community based forest management and national law in Asia and the Pacific
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/biodiversity-support-program/copy_of_cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/balancing-acts-community-based-forest-management-and-national-law-in-asia-and-the-pacific/view
SUMMARY: This WRI study derives from a comparative review of forest management in India, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. The document examines the legal, historical and cultural settings under which CBNFM has been implemented in these countries. Lessons are also included from Papua New Guinea, which has community land tenure and was not colonized or exploited as extensively as other countries, but has also suffered forest loss.Three conclusions were drawn from the cross-country review, notably: Government level ownership and management is not sustaining forests; Forest management could be improved most by legal frameworks that secure private, community-based land tenure;Current local authority/institutions may not be sufficient to balance responsibilities if legal land tenure is disseminated to local groups. The authors note that social inequity and persistent misrepresentations of rural people contribute to the notion that community forestry according to local customs is not desirable. The authors suggest that CBNFM initiatives would benefit from better education of local resource users, increased security of land tenure, and government support of communities when they defend and sustainably manage their forests. Government-sponsored community forestry programs based on grants that can be cancelled are not effective. Rather, governments should recognize community-based tenure as if it were private ownership although the government should intervene when sustainable management is not being practiced. Zoning laws and tax levies could be altered to support this. Local groups should be adequately notified and informed as these changes take place. No publisherKEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, World. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Asia. Community-based Natural Forest Management, Australia. Asia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, community forestry, sustainable forestry, co-management, decentralization, institutions, land tenure, communication, case study, literature review.
DecentralizationSustainable ForestryAustraliaSustainable Land ManagementCommunicationPhilippinesCommunity-based Natural Forest ManagementLiterature ReviewLand TenureCase StudyBiodiversityCommunity ForestryCo-ManagementSri LankaWorldInstitutionsThailand2008/12/24 01:45:50 GMT+0FileBalancing acts: Community based forest management and national law in Asia and the Pacific
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/community-based-natural-forest-management-USAID-Lessons-Learned/cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/balancing-acts-community-based-forest-management-and-national-law-in-asia-and-the-pacific/view
SUMMARY: This WRI study derives from a comparative review of forest management in India, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. The document examines the legal, historical and cultural settings under which CBNFM has been implemented in these countries. Lessons are also included from Papua New Guinea, which has community land tenure and was not colonized or exploited as extensively as other countries, but has also suffered forest loss.Three conclusions were drawn from the cross-country review, notably: Government level ownership and management is not sustaining forests; Forest management could be improved most by legal frameworks that secure private, community-based land tenure;Current local authority/institutions may not be sufficient to balance responsibilities if legal land tenure is disseminated to local groups. The authors note that social inequity and persistent misrepresentations of rural people contribute to the notion that community forestry according to local customs is not desirable. The authors suggest that CBNFM initiatives would benefit from better education of local resource users, increased security of land tenure, and government support of communities when they defend and sustainably manage their forests. Government-sponsored community forestry programs based on grants that can be cancelled are not effective. Rather, governments should recognize community-based tenure as if it were private ownership although the government should intervene when sustainable management is not being practiced. Zoning laws and tax levies could be altered to support this. Local groups should be adequately notified and informed as these changes take place. No publisherAfrica, Asia and the Near East, Centrally Funded ActivitiesDecentralizationAustraliaSustainable ForestryCommunicationPhilippinesIndonesiaIndiaLiterature ReviewLand TenureCase StudyBiodiversityCommunity ForestryCo-ManagementSri LankaThailandState of the World 2011NepalInstitutionsCommunity-based Natural Forest Management2008/12/23 20:01:49 GMT+0FileNonfarm employment in small-scale forest-based enterprises: Policy and environmental issues
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/community-based-natural-forest-management-USAID-Lessons-Learned/cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/pnabw659-nonfarm.pdf/view
This paper examines available literature on small forest-based enterprises to draw some conclusions on how these enterprises function, grow and change over time. Small forest-based enterprise activities are one of the largest sources of non-farm income in the rural economy of developing countries. They also account for a large part of the total harvest from forests in many areas. Income from these activities is particularly important during seasonal shortfalls in food and cash crop income and in periods of drought or other emergencies. Ease of access to forest raw materials means that forest-based activities are particularly important for the poor and for women. However, most of these activities provide very low returns to labor and may thus; provide only minimal and short-lived livelihood contributions. Some of the most important saleable forest products face uncertain markets because of growing competition from industrial or synthetic alternatives or domesticated sources of the materials. As demand grows, some activities are also threatened by depletion of or reduced access to forest resources.The author suggests that, in developing policies to support sustainable activities, it is important to distinguish between those activities that have the potential to expand and those that do not. Policy issues to consider include regulations that discriminate against the informal sector, policies that result in the shift from communally managed to uncontrolled open access of forest resources, and restrictions on private production and sale of forest products that impede the development of domesticating forest products. No publisherMarket PressuresProperty RIghtsLoggingNon-Timber Forest ProductsIncome DiversificationCentral AmericaBiodiversityLand UseCommunity-based Natural Forest ManagementAfricaSouth AmericaLiterature ReviewLessons LearnedCommunity-based Forest Management (CBFM)ConservationAsiaSmall EnterpriseForest EnterprisesPolicyWorld2008/12/23 19:54:25 GMT+0FileForestry in Asia: U.S. AID’s experience
https://biodiversitylinks.org/library/resources/rmp/library/content/tools/community-based-natural-forest-management-USAID-Lessons-Learned/cbnfm/USAID-BDB-cd-2-data/forestry-in-asia-u.s.-aid2019s-experience/view
This USAID critical review examines early AID rural development and forestry programs in Asian countries, including India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Philippines, and Indonesia. Institutional, technical, community participation, and design issues are highlighted for each country. USAID-sponsored forestry programs have resulted in significant improvement of forestry and natural resource management institutions. Policy reforms have hindered the establishment of community woodlots and managed forests, however, and often field objectives were not met, partly due to high expectations. The author notes that institutional problems persist, notably: agriculture and forestry agencies showed little cooperation and forestry institutions have not adequately managed funds and field activities. The author suggests giving more attention to early phases of projects and decentralizing project management. Technical problems are also common: inadequate attention has been paid to people's needs or site conditions when choosing incentive programs, woodlot locations, and tree species. Accessible markets for tree products are needed, as are new supplies of seeds and seedlings. Monocultures of exotic species are often introduced, bringing biological and economic risks. The author suggests that project goals should be streamlined, realistic, and in tune with community needs. Project evaluation needs improvement to be effective sources of information. Although not foolproof, land use certification and tenure can improve sustainable management efforts as exemplified by Thailand and the Philippines. The author recommends an analysis of forestry extensions in Asia, more investment in applied research, greater interagency cooperation, further natural resource policy development within governments, a phased approach to project implementation, greater input from ecologists and social scientists, and more emphasis on tree product marketing.No publisherForestry DepartmentNepalAsiaCommunity-based Forest Management (CBFM)Social ForestryLiterature ReviewReforestationPolicyEvaluationMarketingIncentivesThailandBiodiversityPhilippinesIndonesiaInstitutional StrengtheningCommunity-based Natural Forest ManagementIndiaAgroforestryCommunication in AgricultureCase StudyCommunity ForestrySri Lanka2008/12/23 08:34:27 GMT+0File