SmartList - all content on the Portal referring to Biodiversity

This is a "smart" folder that lists all content posted on the Portal in which the word "biodiversity" appears.

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Africa: A review

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Africa, Madagascar, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, environmental values, macroeconomic, market development, market value, Africa, Madagascar, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, environmental values, macroeconomic, market development, market value. SUMMARY: This compilation of case studies examines community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) experiences in Africa and analyzes the determinants of CBNRM adoption, success, and expansion. The trend toward greater CBNRM implementation is attributed to the changing nature and role of state institutions, the evolving relationship between the State and civil society, and the failure of the politically centralized approach. CBNRM is commonly not given official legal status because of lack of support from central governments and difficulties of integrating local customary rules and practices into a national legal framework. The authors suggest that the fundamental conditions for successful CBNRM include: Enabling or permissive political, legal, and institutional environment; A minimum level of social cohesion within the community; Control over resources with substantial value; Community access to technical, managerial and market information; Community access to financial resources. The review of country programs revealed the following trends at the community level: Willingness by rural communities to invest in the future at the expense of immediate benefits; A few cases of CBNRM profitability for communities and other legitimates stakeholders; Greater diversification and wider participation; Knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to NRM are changing;Need for continued support in the areas of training, technical inputs, and financing. At the macro level, however, acceptance of community initiatives is counterbalanced by inconsistency or arbitrariness of official support for CBNRM and by the weakness of its legal foundation. The authors' review of the CBNRM experience in Africa suggests that stakeholders' perceptions of the value of resources and the potential benefits from co-management of natural resources has received little attention. Greater recognition of the value of natural resources at macro and micro levels is a fundamental condition for efficient resource management.The potential expansion of CBNRM depends on the extent and the quality of linkages between communities and other stakeholders. At the local level, the main issue is less the availability of resources to be co-managed than access by communities to the skills and information needed for shared responsibility in resource management. At the national level, successful CBNRM activities should inform and influence the environment and natural resources (ENR) policy environment. Recommendations for USAID and its partners are summarized as follows: Establish a more explicit understanding of interactions at the macro level, as a basis for country strategy and strategic objective definition; Gain a better understanding of macro - micro linkages in the ENR sector, and of approaches to resource valuation; Apply knowledge of interactions, analytical tools and information technologies to institutional obstacles; Retain flexibility within a wide portfolio of supporting activities; Seek a closer fit between strategies and programs that are necessarily limited in time and a vision consistent with the long-term nature of ENR work in Africa.

SEAGA Macro Level Handbook

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations SEAGA Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis Programme

Mach Local Governance

 

ecotourism_development_vol1_spanish_2nd_edition.pdf

ecotourism_development_vol1_spanish_2nd_edition.pdf

Pwani Yetu - 2000 - Issue 9

Pwani Yetu. 2000. TCMP Newsletter. Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Issue 9.

Gender Assessment for USAID/Tanzania's S.O. 2 Partners

Nancy K. Diamond, Ph.D. with Darry I. Rwegasira, M.A. for EPIQ/Tanzania May 1998 Region: Africa. Task Order name: Tanzania Environmental SO Partner Support Unit. Technical area: Biodiversity Conservation

The case of Duru-Haitemba community-based forest management project in Babati District, Arusha Region, Tanzania

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Africa. Africa, Tanzania, community forestry, income distribution, logging, degraded lands, institutions, land tenure, policy, property rights, training, communication, equity, gender, case study, lessons learned. SUMMARY: This report assesses the progress made by the first community-based forest management (CBFM) regime in Tanzania, in the Duru-Haitemba forests (DHF) in Babati District, Arusha Region. The DHF is one of the few remaining miombo woodlands in the Babati District, a series of linked ridges of high woodland characterized by open canopy trees of medium height, and interspersed with grassland. By 1995, all 9,000ha of the DHF was under the management of eight registered villages.The CBFM process coincided with significant changes in Tanzania's land policy for the devolution of tenure and resource rights to local levels. The Land Policy (1995), the Land Act (1999) and the Village Land Act (1999) recognized customary land rights as equivalent to more formal based tenure systems and provided mechanisms through which villages may earmark areas for forest management and manage the land as a cooperative. The villages, through their respective village governments (VFG), are the institutional managers of the DHF.Among the many problems listed by the authors as major constraints to the CBFM program in DHF, the following were most pressing: Confusion in jurisdiction over resource access and weak coordination among the different sectors of statutory governance, leading to interagency friction; Poor flow of information among programs, district and villages; Over extended and inadequately trained district experts; Community efforts are frequently undermined by attacks on their capability by doubtful District officials, foresters and academics; VFG, tiring of voluntary work, are becoming less efficient and even guilty of illegal harvesting; Women are left out of CBFM benefits as traditionally, women do not own land or cannot claim rights to trees; Issues of financial accountability and transparency in money matters; Low use-value of the forest and illegal harvesting; Considerable land demand/shortage.

eptdp41.pdf

eptdp41.pdf

REPORT & RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LEMBAGA EKOLABEL INDONESIA FOLLOWING THE WORKSHOP ON CRITERIA & INDICATORS

February, 1998 BILL MAYNARD Environmental Policy and Institutional Strengthening IQC OUT-PC806-96-00002-00 Region: Asia and the Near East. Task Order name: Indonesia NRMP II. Technical area: Biodiversity Conservation

ESTRATEGIA PARA EL MANEJO DEL BOSQUE EN LA RESERVA DE BIOSFERA MAYA 2001 - 2004 (Spanish)

Guatemala, noviembre del 2001. Region: Latin America and the Caribbean Task order: Guatemala Environmental Policy & Institutional Strengthening for Selected ENV Issues Technical area: Biodiversity Conservation

Analyse des Impacts du Système Ferroviaire FCE sur l’Economie Régionale Volume 1 / 3 Synthèse de l’Analyse Qualitative et l’Analyse Coût-Bénéfice (French)

Prepared by: Ratsimbazafy Jean Claude Manantsara Benoît Randrianasolo Lala, Consultants Projet d’Appui à la Gestion de l’Environnement EPIQ IQC, PCE-I-00-96-00002-00, Task Order No.839 International Resources Group, Ltd. 1211 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 USA Prepared for: USAID/Madagascar October 2000 Region: Africa/Centrally Funded Activities Task order: Madagascar Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Policies. Technical area: Biodiversity Conservation, Policy Assessment, Analysis and Evaluation & Strategic Planning, Environmental Impact Analysis, Environmental and Economic Growth Linkages

Biodiversity Assessment for Ukraine

E&E - 117/119 Report - Ukraine The scope of work required the team to synthesize and analyze existing information and prepare a report that: (i) describes major ecosystems and species diversity of Ukraine; (ii) identifies key landscape features for the conservation of biodiversity; (iii) describes current and potential threats to biodiversity conservation; (iv) analyzes policies, land use practices, and obstacles to biodiversity conservation; (v) assesses national conservation policies, strategies, commitments to international conventions, and management capacities; (vi) assesses the USAID program’s potential impact on biodiversity; and (vii) identifies potential USAID opportunities to support biodiversity conservation. Task Order under the Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry IQC (BIOFOR) USAID Contract Number: LAG-00-99-00014-00 Submitted to: USAID/Kiev Kiev, Ukraine Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. Washington, D.C. and Environment International Ltd. Seattle, Washington August 2001

Financial Incentives to Communities for Stewardship of Environmental Resources

Financial Incentives to Communities for Stewardship of Environmental Resources Feasibility Study November 30, 2004. Report made available by USAID Asia Near East Bureau.

QUARTERLY REPORT October 1 – December 31, 2000

QUARTERLY REPORT October 1 – December 31, 2000 Administrative Document 54/2001 USAID Contract: 511-C-00-93-00027 March 2001 DA54ing.pdf

?Donde se Invierte en Biodiversidad? Una Evaluacion del Financiamiento para la Biodiversidad en America Latina y el Caribe; Mapping Conservation Investments: An Assessment of Biodiversity Funding in Latin America and the Caribbean publicacion bilingue

98 Esta es una publicacion bilingue que examina los patrones de financiamiento para la biodiversidad en la region de Latinoamerica y el Caribe (LAC) para discernir los vacios de financiamiento y animar una mayor comunicacion y conscientizacion de parte de los donantes. La evaluacion del financiamiento, resultado de un proyecto de tres anos de duracion implementado conjuntamente por el Banco Mundial y la USAID, se baso en los resultados recopilados con encuestas aplicadas a las principales organizaciones donantes: instituciones bilaterales y multilaterales, agencias gubernamentales, organizaciones no gubernamentales, fundaciones, principales instituciones de investigacion y fideicomisos para el medio ambiente. Se pretende que este analisis sea el primer paso hacia una mayor comunicacion entre los donantes y los implementadores con el fin de conducir a una inversion mas estrategica y mejor enfocada en la region de LAC. Date: 2001. Authors: G. Castro, I. Locker, V. Russell, L. Cornwell, E. Fajer Biome: Tropical and Subtropical Broadleaf Forests. Program: Latin America and the Carribbean

Etude d’Impact Environnemental Programmatique de la Cogestion des Forêts Classées de Guinée (French)

Task Order No. 842 Contract No. PCE-I-00-96-00002-00 Préparé par Thomas M. Catterson Boubacar Thiam Dantily Diakité Rebecca Ham Préparé pour USAID/GUINEE Avril 2001 Region: Africa Task order: Guinea Programmatic Evaluation Assessment Technical area: Biodiversity Conservation

Buku Panduan Lapangan: Taman Nasional Bunaken (English and Indonesian)

National Part: Natural History Book by Arnaz Mehta. September 1999. Region: Asia and the Near East. Task Order name: Indonesia NRMP II. Technical area: Biodiversity Conservation; Sustainable Tourism; Land Use Management and Eco-Zoning; Dissemination of Policy Knowledge/Environmental Communication

Evaluation of the Maya Biosphere Project

KEYWORD: Community-based Natural Forest Management, Central America. Central America, Guatemala, forest enterprises, non-timber forest products, buffer zone, conservation, protected areas, watershed, Central America, Guatemala, forest enterprises, non-timber forest products, buffer zone, conservation, protected areas, watershed. SUMMARY:This report is an evaluation of the Maya Biosphere Project's (MBP) progress towards achieving its objective to improve the long-term economic well being of local populations through the rational management of renewable resources, and the protection of biodiversity in the Maya Biosphere Reserve. Key findings and conclusions of the evaluation are summarized in the following paragraphs. Project design: The project treats the major institutional, social, economic and political forces operating in the Peten as externalities and not as project components. The recommendation is to develop a policy component to the MBP, beginning with those directly connected to the Peten such as land tenure policies, settlements and refugees, zoning of core, multi-use and buffer zones, infrastructure development, corruption and impunity, and stakeholder analysis. A process must also be initiated to incorporate the important economic and social groups in the Peten, including the church, the army, timber interests, livestock interests and chicleros (gum tappers). Project implementation: The project's current management strategy is a strict protectionist approach to all zones in the Maya Biosphere. The recommendation is to change the management strategy to focus first on the Core Zones and establish conservation stations, control posts, marked limits and patrol. From the Core Zones outward, the strategy is to design a gradual expansion of presence to the multi-use and buffer zones, accounting for the needs of inhabitants who depend on the natural resources. The expansion process must involve identifying the resource users, conflict resolution and a search for consensus among different groups. Project management: The MBP administrative decision-making power is divided between multiple institutions and implementers in Guatemala City and the Peten. The report recommends an assessment to determine the most efficient administrative mechanism. Promising field activities include: Training of primary and secondary teachers and students in environmental education; Agroforestry extension; Technical assistance for management of cooperative forests; Forest enterprise to produce potpourri.

Biological Diversity and Tropical Forestry Analysis: Pakistan

FAA 118/119 Annex Pakistan has some of the world’s rarest animals and plants but these are now in danger of disappearing forever due to overuse and loss of natural habitat. While people are without doubt a most valuable resource in Pakistan, uncontrolled population growth puts ever-increasing pressures on the country’s natural resource base. Misguided economic policies have widened inequalities and forced rural people and others to exploit biodiversity at rates that are no longer sustainable. As a result, processes such as deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, salinity and waterlogging have become major threats to the remaining biodiversity in Pakistan. The continuing loss of this forest habitat with its associated fauna and flora will have serious implications for the nation’s other natural and agro-ecosystems. The recently completed Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan provides a comprehensive review of the current status and develops proposals for action. USAID/Pakistan Interim Strategic Plan FY 2003-2005 Prepared in 2004.

QUARTERLY REPORT January 1 - March 31, 2000

QUARTERLY REPORT January 1 - March 31, 2000 Administrative Document 48/2000 USAID Contract: 511-0621-C-00-3027 March 2000 DA48ing.pdf