2. Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases

Nontimber Forest Benefits and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa — by Marc Barany — last modified 2007-06-19 11:57

Abstract: The HIV/AIDS epidemic is drastically reducing the agricultural workforce of sub-Saharan Africa, threatening household food security and the food supply throughout the region. Forests contribute to household nutrition and health and therefore should be considered in efforts to mitigate the socioeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on rural agrarian households. Because little reference to forests and forest products exists in the literature concerned with the coping mechanisms of HIV/AIDS–affected households, we intend to draw attention to the importance of forest-based research in the context of these coping strategies. Keywords: agroforestry; nontimber forest products; nutrition; policy. December 2001 • Journal of Forestry 41 Funding provided through the Community-based Natural Resources Management Project USAID

Voices from the Communities - The Impact of HIV-AIDS on the Lives of Orphaned Children and their Guardians — by Family Health International — last modified 2007-06-19 12:01

Abstract: This report is a summary of the key themes arising from the focus group discussions (FGD). As with any qualitative analysis, the report attempts to preserve the varied perceptions, values and experiences of the discussants. Inevitably, some of the interpretations in the report reflect the author’s understanding of these experiences.

HIV-AIDS Mainstreaming in Conservation - The case of Wildlife and Environmental Society of Malawi — by Daulos D.C. Mauambeta — last modified 2007-06-19 12:04

It was with this realization that Wildlife and Environmental Society of Malawi (WESM), traditionally a conservation organization, started to think deeply of integrating HIV/AIDS issues into its programs, projects and activities. This paper describes the process WESM has undergone in mainstreaming HIV/AIDS issues in its programs and projects.

Multisectoral Responses to HIV-AIDS - A Compendium of Promising Practices from Africa — by USAID-PVO Steering Committee on Multisectoral Approaches to HIV/AIDS — last modified 2007-06-19 12:06

This document brings together the promising practices identified by the PVO community. Our definition of "promising" is purposefully broad to include the many ideas and experiences of different organizations that seem likely to combat HIV/AIDS successfully. Several of these practices are new and as such, do not yet have hard evidence to show that they work. However, rather than wait for documented success, the committee decided to share all the practices available to spur ideas and action.

The Global Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases — by Christopher J. L. Murray — last modified 2007-06-19 12:11

Edited by Chistopher J.L. Murray, Alan D. Lopez, and Colin D. Mathers, published by WHO

Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors — by Alan D. Lopez — last modified 2007-06-19 12:10

Preface This book emerges from two separate, but intersecting, strands of work that began in the late 1980s, when the World Bank initiated a review of priorities for the control of specific diseases. The review generated findings about the comparative costeffectiveness of interventions for most diseases important in developing countries. The purpose of the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was to inform decision making within the health sectors of highly resource-constrained countries. This process resulted in the publication of the first edition of Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (Jamison and others 1993). Also important for informing policy is a consistent, quantitative assessment of the relative magnitudes of diseases, injuries, and their risk factors. The first edition of Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries included an initial assessment of health status for low- and middle-income countries as measured by deaths from specific causes; importantly, the numbers of cause-specific deaths for each age-sex group were constrained by the total number of deaths as estimated by demographers. This consistency constraint led to downward revision of the estimates of deaths from many diseases. Published by the World Bank in 2006